Course Description

This introductory course in biology is designed for non-science majors and provides a broad overview of key biological principles. Emphasis is placed on understanding the chemistry of life, cell structure and function, genetics, classification of organisms, and major human body systems. Students will explore how biology connects to real-life issues, such as health, disease, and the environment, and will gain the scientific literacy needed to make informed decisions in a modern world.

 

Course Objectives

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

· Develop general scientific knowledge with a focus on the biological sciences.

· Understand and explain biological concepts related to life processes and the human body.

· Appreciate the relevance of science in daily life and its application to real-world problems.

· Demonstrate awareness of the diversity of life and biological classification.

· Build foundational knowledge for responsible decision-making related to health and the environment.

 

Course Learning Outcomes

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

1. Identify and describe the basic chemical components of living organisms.

2. Explain the structure and function of cells and their components.

3. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis and their roles in growth and reproduction.

4. Understand the basic principles of genetics and heredity.

5. Describe the classification system of living organisms and identify major biological kingdoms.

6. Analyze the roles and structures of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

7. Identify the main human body systems and describe their structure and function.

8. Explain how lifestyle and environmental factors affect human health.

9. Relate biological knowledge to current issues such as disease prevention, homeostasis, and human development.

Recommended Course Materials

· Supplementary handouts, diagrams, and lab sheets provided by the instructor

· Access to multimedia resources (videos, animations, simulations)

· Notebook and scientific calculator

 

Course Content

1. Chemistry of Living Organisms

· Matter and atomic structure

· Organic compounds in protoplasm

· Biomolecules and their functions in living organisms

Real-world applications of biochemical knowledge

 

2. Cell Structure and Function

· Overview of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

· Cell organelles and their functions

· Cell membrane, transport mechanisms

Cell theory and scientific contributions

 

3. Cellular Division

· Mitosis: stages and significance

· Meiosis: process and genetic importance

Comparison and applications in reproduction and growth

 

4. Basic Genetics

· Mendelian genetics

· Dominant and recessive traits

· Punnett squares and inheritance patterns

· Real-life genetic disorders and applications
 

5. Classification of Organisms

· Hierarchy of biological classification

· Overview of the five kingdoms

Importance of taxonomy in biology

 

6. Microorganisms

· General structure and role of bacteria, viruses, fungi

· Beneficial and harmful effects

Applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry

 

7. Human Body Systems

· Transport System: heart, blood vessels, blood, circulation

· Digestive System: mechanical/chemical digestion, nutrient absorption

· Respiratory System: lung structure, gas exchange, respiration types, respiratory disorders

· Excretory System: kidney structure, nephron function, excretion, osmoregulation, homeostasis

· Nervous System: CNS, sense organs, neurotransmission, effects of drugs

· Reproductive System: male/female anatomy, fertilization, sexual health, STDs

 

Course Assessment & Evaluation

· Class Participation and Homework Assignments – 10%

· Midterm Examination – 30%

· Final Examination – 60%